留学360：澳洲厨师及砌砖工和瓷砖工重回技术移民清单

　　据留学360旗下澳大利亚教育联盟高级留学顾问王梓嘉老师了解，为了解决劳动力短缺问题，艾伯特政府放宽技术移民的规定，日后成千上万名海外厨师、砌砖工以及瓷砖工不再需要得到雇主的支持才能获得永久签证。

　　根据企业集团支持的变革方案，这三类职业已被添加到澳洲技术移民职业列表SOL中，从7月份起从事这三类职业的员工将能够申请永久签证，而不需要一位赞助者。

　　鉴于雇主近来表示，他们并不难找到营建工人，工会因此指责这样的改变措施不公平。不过贸易与投资部长罗伯（Andrew Robb）则表明，旅游业面临着劳动力与技工短缺，明年将需要额外的5.6万名员工，包括2.6万名技工。

　　根据澳洲统计局ABS的数据，目前澳洲大约有7.61万名厨师，2.336万名砌砖工以及1.58万名瓷砖工。根据3%的上限，2283名海外厨师可申请永久签证，若上限提高至6%，那么人数将增加至4566名。对于砌砖工而言，上限是1401名，瓷砖工的上限为948名。

　　THOUSANDS of foreign chefs, bricklayers and tilers will no longer have to be sponsored by employers to obtain permanent visas, as the Abbott government eases skilled migration rules to address alleged labour shortages.

　　Under changes backed by business groups, the three professions have been added to the Skilled Occupation List from July, meaning these workers will be able to apply for a permanent visa without requiring a sponsor.

　　Unions attacked the changes as unjustified given employers had recently said there were having “little difficulty’’ finding workers in the building industry.

　　Documents seen by The Weekend Australian also show the agency that recommended the changes acknowledged the inclusion of chefs could result in “exploitation of the training system for permanent residency’’.

　　Trade and Investment Minister Andrew Robb said the tourism sector faced labour and skills shortages, with an additional 56,000 workers required by next year, including 26,000 skilled positions.

　　Assistant Minister for Immigration and Border Protection Michaelia Cash said the addition of the three professions would be welcomed in regional areas where there was increased demand for these jobs but “a decrease in apprenticeship completions’’.

　　“As an island nation with a small population, a sustainable human capital strategy for Australia must be readily available to safeguard business from labour and skills shortages,’’ Senator Cash said.

　　“However, it would be simplistic to say that there is always an Australian willing and available to fill a particular position in various geographical locations within Australia, and it is the role of the skilled migration program to fill the gap.’’

　　Under the general skilled migration program, professionals and other skilled migrants can enter Australia without being sponsored by an employer. While they have to nominate an occupation on the skilled occupation list, there is no obligation for them to work in that occupation.

　　The government has capped the program at 43,990 skilled visas next financial year. For each of the professions on the list, the number of positions available is capped at 6 per cent of the occupation’s workforce.

　　Senator Cash said the government had decided to set the cap for chefs at 3 per cent for an initial six months.

　　According to the ABS Labour Force survey, about 76,100 chefs, 23,360 bricklayers and 15,800 floor and wall tilers work in Australia.

　　Under the 3 per cent cap, up to 2283 overseas chefs could apply for a place in the program, rising to 4566 if the cap went to 6 per cent. For bricklayers, the maximum number would be 1401, and 948 for floor and wall tilers.

　　Senator Cash stressed the changes would not result in thousands of extra foreign workers coming to Australia. Given total places remained capped at the same level, the entry of additional chefs, bricklayers and tilers would result in less places being approved among the existing 188 occupations on the list.

　　United Voice, the union representing chefs, said it did not accept there was a “skills gap’’ among chefs.

　　“The industry has got no problems attracting staff in Australia, the industry has a problem keeping staff,’’ said the union’s acting national secretary, David O’Byrne. “It has high turnover, low wages and highly casualised labour.”

　　The Construction Forestry Mining and Energy Union pointed to the latest national survey by the Master Builders, which found the degree of difficulty in finding employees and subcontractors decreased in the March quarter.

　　“All categories are close to record lows with little difficulty finding employees or subcontractors in the building industry,” the survey said.

　　Dave Noonan, the national secretary of the CFMEU’s construction division, said the policy change “again demonstrates that the Abbott government does not have the interests of working Australians at heart’’.

　　Master Builders acting chief executive Richard Calver said the survey also showed “strong growth in the residential construction sector’’.

　　In recommending the changes, the Australian Workforce and Productivity Agency said the inclusion of chefs “presents risk in terms of exploitation of the training system for permanent residency purposes’’ as had occurred prior to 2010. It said the risk had been diminished by policy changes.

　　Mr Robb said the changes would ensure Australia could fill the workforce needs of the “next wave of tourism infrastructure’’.

　　At Crown casino in Melbourne, Mark Holmes, general manger of food and beverage, said Crown gave priority to recruiting locally and had a program to train Australian chefs. “But we still currently have a number of local chef vacancies which have taken much longer than usual to fill,’’ Mr Holmes said.